Rasulullah S.A.W contoh kita.

Bahkan pengkaji Barat juga telah membuat kajian IQ Manusia. (Adult IQ) umur dari 20 – 34 manusia mempunyai kadar IQ yang cukup mantap dan pada usia itu kita lebih agresif.

Life adjustment juga berlaku pada usia tersebut.

No time to enjoy.

Concentrate…. Focus…

Menurut beliau, mas kahwin di negara teluk boleh mencecah hingga ke rm100 ribu.

Saya tak terkejut dengan kadar itu. Memandangkan mereka mampu dan kebanyakan orang arab ialah peniaga atau usahawan. Mereka banyak wang.

Gaji di sana pun agak tinggi dan barang-barangnya pula tidak begitu mahal.

Sekiranya si lelaki Arab itu tidak cukup wang mas kahwin, maka rundingcara di antara si lelaki dan perempuan boleh di buat dan kadar yang tertentu akan di tetapkan.

Di Arab mereka tidak mampu kahwin dua kerana kadar mas kahwin yang tinggi. Maka poligami di sana terkawal lah sedikit. Unless u r so damn rich la.

Mereka juga lebih menghargai perkahwinan mereka memandangkan mereka dah labur RM100K untuk mas kahwin.

Untuk pengetahuan semua, mas kahwin merupakan pemberian si lelaki kepada si perempuan. Ia merupakan hak mutlak si perempuan. Bahkan si lelaki atau si ayah perempuan itu tak boleh mintak balik mas kahwin kecuali si perempuan itu memberinya dengan ikhlas.

“Bagaimana kamu tergamak ambil balik pemberian itu padahal kasih mesra kamu telah terjalin antara satu dengan yang lain dan isteri-isteri kamu itu telah pun mengambil perjanjian yang kuat daripada kamu” An Nisaa 21.

Islam memberi advantage yang banyak kepada kaun wanita. Sehinggakan apabila berlaku perceraian juga si suami perlu menyediakan tempat kediaman yang setanding.

“berilah bekas isteri yang telah di ceraikan tempat kediaman, kira-kira yang setimpal dgn tempat yang telah kamu diami menurut kemampuanmu. JANGANLAH KAMU SUSAHKAN MEREKA (ex wife) dengan sengaja dengan tujuan untuk menyusahkan mereka (balas dendam). Apabila mereka hamil berilah mereka nafkah hingga melahirkan anak” At-talaq 6

Di Malaysia lain pula halnya, mas kahwin murah sesangatnya. Maskahwin di beberapa negeri di Malaysia ialah dari RM22.50 sen seorang (from RM22.50 cents). Harganya bersamaan dengan harga 2 kampit beras. Mas Kahwin ‘mega sales’ ini mungkin ada kaitan dengan keadaan socio ekonomi orang Melayu yang berminat untuk berniaga. Kebanyakan melayu tidak berniaga dan suka hidup sebagai masyarakat blue collar dan white collar (pekerja).

Oleh kerana di sebabkan oleh faktor gaji atau kemampuan maka kadar mas kahwin tidak lah sampai ke RM 100 K.

Tetapi yang saya hairan kenapa kenduri boleh belanja sampai ke RM50K walhal gaji ciput…

Gaji di Malaysia rendah dan harga barangannya tinggi. Nasib baik kerajaan support rakyat miskin dengan menyediakan rumah rakyat PPR dan sebagainya.

Masalah dengan harga pula, harga jualan barang-barangan di Malaysia di kawal oleh peniaga-peniaga.

Kecuali harga barang keperluan asas yang di kawal oleh kementerian.

Berbeza pula keadaan gaji dengan negara lain. Ketika berada di UK, saya lihat gaji orang BRITIAN agak tinggi dan barangan mereka juga murah. Seluar jeans LEVI’S original di jual dalam 70-90 pound.

Gaji orang UK boleh tahan. Contoh di bawah;

Cleaner (tukang sapu) di sana di bayar dalam 7 pound sejam. Fakta ini di ambil dari laman web cari kerja kategori cleaner. CLEANER JOB.

GAJI tukang sapu di hong kong pula (cleaner) di bayar sebanyak 4500 HK sebulan. Ia bersamaan RM 2000 lebih la. Sumber ini di ambil dari:

Hong kong merupakan sebuah negara kecil yang tidak ada sumber mentah macam di Malaysia. Minyak takde ye, kelapa sawit takde, getah takde, timah pun talak. Minyak rambut ade lah.

Persoalannya, bagaimana gaji tukang sapu di HONG KONG boleh cecah RM2000 ribu lebih sedangkan HONG KONG tiada sumber bahan mentah?

PROF kene kaji dan boleh bagi hujah….

Pork is a taboo food item in Islam and Judaism, and its consumption is forbidden in these two religions.

Uncooked or untreated, the meat may harbour worms and latent diseases. Many of these infestations are harbored in other animals as well, such as salmonella in chicken.

Influenza (flu) is one of the most notable illnesses which pigs share with humans. However, the origin of the illness is found in a number of animals besides pigs. It is harbored in the lungs of the animal during the summer months and can affect both the animal and humans.

Consuming excessive amounts of pork may lead to gallstones and obesity; due to its high cholesterol and saturated fat content. However, this goes for all sorts of animal flesh, and pork is in fact quite lean – leaner than most other domesticated animals – as long as its protective layer of fat is removed.

The pig is the carrier of various helminths, like roundworm, pinworm, hookworm, etc. One of the most dangerous and common is Taenia solium, a type of tapeworm. Tapeworms may transplant to human intestines as well by consuming untreated or uncooked meat from pigs or other animals.

Trichinosis

Vacuum packed pork loin fillets

Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis, is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork infected with the larvae of a species of roundworm Trichinella spiralis, commonly called the trichina worm. Infection was once very common, but is now rare in the developed world. From 1997 to 2001, an annual average of 12 cases per year were reported in the United States. The number of cases has decreased because of legislation prohibiting the feeding of raw meat garbage to hogs, increased commercial and home freezing of pork, and the public awareness of the danger of eating raw or undercooked pork products.^[21]

Islam

Throughout the Islamic world many countries severely restrict the importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are Iran,^[22] Mauritania,^[23] Oman,^[24] Qatar^[25] and Saudi Arabia.^[26] The Qur’anic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surahs 2:173, 5:3, 5:60, 6:145 and 16:115.

SOURCE FROM WIKIPEDIA.

Imam Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his Tafseer of Ayat Al-Kursi:

This is Ayat Al-Kursi, which has a high status. It was reported from the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) that “It is the greatest verse in the Book of Allah.� It was narrated from Ubayy ibn Ka`b that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him which verse in the Book of Allah was the greatest. He said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.� He repeated it several times, then he said, “Ayat Al-Kursi.� The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Congratulations upon your knowledge, Abul-Mundhir. By the One in Whose hand is my soul, it has a tongue and two lips, and it glorifies the Sovereign (i.e., Allah) at the foot of the Throne.�

It was narrated from `Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Ka`b that his father told him that he had a vessel in which he kept dates. He used to check on it and found that the number was decreasing. So he kept guard on it one night and saw a beast that looked like an adolescent boy. He said: I greeted him with salams and he returned my greeting, then I asked him, “What are you, a jinn or a human?� He said, “A jinn.� I said to him, “Show me your hand.� So he showed me his hand, and it looked like a dog’s paw with dog’s fur. I said, “Do all the jinn look like this?� He said, “I know no one among the jinn who is stronger than I.� I said, “What made you do what you did [i.e., taking the dates]?� He said, “We heard that you are a man who loves charity, and we wanted to have some of your food.� Ubayy asked him, “What will protect us from you?� He said, “This verse, Ayat Al-Kursi.� Then the next day he [Ubayy] went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him (about what had happened) and he said, “The evil one spoke the truth.�

Imam Ahmad narrated: Muhammad ibn Ja`far told us, `Uthman ibn `Itab told us, he said: I heard Abu As-Sulayl saying: A man from among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed the people until a large number had gathered around him, then he climbed onto the roof of a house and addressed the people, saying: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Which verse of the Qur’an is the greatest?’ A man said, ‘Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists…’ [Al-Baqarah: 255].’ He said: He put his hand between my shoulders and I felt coolness in the center of my chest, [or he said] he put his hand on the center of my chest and I felt coolness between my shoulders, and he said, ‘Congratulations on your knowledge, Abul-Mundhir.’�

Al-Bukhari narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed me to guard the Ramadan Zakah. Someone came and started taking some of the food. I grabbed hold of him and said, “I am going to take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)!� He said, “Let me be, for I am in need and I have children and I am in great need.� So I let him go. The following morning, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Abu Hurayrah, what did your prisoner do last night?� I said, “Messenger of Allah, he complained of being in great need and having children to look after, so I took pity on him and let him go.� He said, “But he was lying, and he will be back.� So I knew that he would come back, because of what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said. I lay in wait for him, and he came and started taking some of the food. I grabbed hold of him and said, “I am going to take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)!� He said, “Let me be, for I am in need and I have children. I will not come back again.� So I took pity on him and let him go. The following morning, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Abu Hurayrah, what did your prisoner do last night?’ I said, “Messenger of Allah, he complained of being in great need and having children to look after, so I took pity on him and let him go.� He said, “But he was lying, and he will be back.� So I lay in wait for him on the third night, and he came and started taking some of the food. I grabbed hold of him and said, “I am going to take you to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! This is the third and last time. You said that you would not come back, then you did come back.� He said, “Let me go, and I will teach you some words by which Allah will benefit you.� I said, “What are they?� He said, “When you lie down in your bed, recite Ayat Al-Kursi—‘Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists…’ [Al-Baraqah: 255] until the end of the verse, then you will have a protector from Allah and no devil will come near you until morning comes.� Then I let him go. The following morning, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “What did your prisoner do last night?� I said, “Messenger of Allah, he claimed that he would teach me some words by which he said Allah would benefit me, then I let him go.� He asked, “What are they?� I said, “He told me, when you lie down in your bed, recite Ayat Al-Kursi from the beginning to the end of the verse— ‘Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists…’ [Al-Baraqah: 255]. And he told me, ‘You will have a protector from Allah and no devil will come near you until morning comes.’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “He indeed told you the truth, although he is a liar. Do you know who you have been speaking with for the past three nights, Abu Hurayrah?� I said, “No.� He said, “That was a devil.�

It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “In Surat Al-Baqarah there is a verse which is the best of all the verses of the Qur’an. It is never recited in a house but Ash-Shaytan leaves: Ayat Al-Kursi.�

Concerning the fact that it includes the greatest name of Allah, Imam Ahmad said: It was narrated that Asma’ bint Yazeed ibn As-Sakan said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say about these two verses— “Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists…�“Alif. Laam. Meem. Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists� [Aal `Imran: 1-2]— that they contain the greatest name of Allah. (Reported by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi.) [Al-Baraqah: 255] and

It was narrated in a marfu` report (one that is traced all the way back to the Prophet [peace and blessings be upon him]) that Abu Umamah said: “The greatest name of Allah, which if He is called by it, He responds, is in three surahs: Al-Baqarah, Aal `Imran and Ta-Ha.� Hisham ibn `Ammar, the khateeb of Damascus, said: “In Al-Baqarah, it is ‘Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exist’ [Al-Baraqah: 255]. In Aal `Imran it is ‘Alif. Laam. Meem. Allah! None has the right to be worshiped but He, the Ever-Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists’ [Aal `Imran: 1-2]. And in Ta-Ha it is ‘And (all) faces shall be humbled before (Allah), the Ever- Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists’ [Ta-Ha: 111].�

Concerning the virtue of reciting this verse after the prescribed Prayers, it was narrated that Abu Umamah said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever recites Ayat Al-Kursi immediately after each prescribed Prayer, there will be nothing standing between him and his entering Paradise except death.� (Reported by An-Nasa’i and Ibn Hibban.)

Sources:

• www.islam-qa.com

Even his English is Chinese-accented.

A Malay at heart: Jamaluddin’s mother Shamsiah Fakeh, brought him and his brothers up as Muslims while living in China.

“Mandarin is my first language, actually,” says the soft-spoken educationist in his thick Beijing accent during an interview at the Swiss Garden Hotel.

Jamaluddin is one of the guests on a Chinese New Year special programme produced by The Star Multimedia to promote inter-racial and inter-faith harmony.

“I may have been back in Malay—sia for 15 years, but I still express myself better in Chinese,” he said.

The 47-year-old is the son of Malaysian freedom fighters, Shamsiah Fakeh and Ibrahim Mohammed (Mohamad), who lived in exile in China because of their involvement in the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM).

The youngest of three siblings, Jamaluddin was born in Beijing, but grew up in the remote province of Hunan.

He is one of the few non-Chinese who graduated from the prestigious Beijing University.

Jamaluddin never forgot his Malay/Malaysian roots when living in China.

“My parents made it a point to speak to us in Malay. My mum was a good cook and made the best roti canai ever.

“My brothers and I find it more comfortable to converse in Mandarin, especially if we’d done something naughty,” he laughs, adding: “My parents’ Mandarin wasn’t as good as ours.”

Jamaluddin and his brothers have also been brought up to be Muslims.

“We pray and fast during Ramadan. All of us married Chinese women who converted to Islam.”

Jamaluddin prefers to steer clear of politics, choosing to channel his energy into writing social commentaries for several Chinese publications.

On encouraging Malaysians to learn foreign languages, Jamaluddin said it was needed in multi-racial Malaysia because understanding a different language was the first step in understanding a different culture.

“The fact that I speak, read and write Chinese have allowed me to become closer to the Chinese community. But that doesn’t make me less of a Malay and Muslim.”

As for the education system, Jamaluddin said it needed “serious reinvention.”

“All Malaysians need to study under one system. They need to mix around, learn and understand each other as fellow Malaysians.

“Then we can have unity in the real sense.”

SOURCE FROM: THE STAR

Research ini di lakukan kerana keperihatinan saya terhadap anggota keselamatan yang terdiri dari golongan muda.

GAJI POLIS HONG KONG: Sumber di ambil dari:

Di Amerika Syarikat pula setiap polis di beri gaji campur komisyen. Komisyen di perolehi dari saman.

Gaji POLIS di negara teluk. Saya perolehi sumber dari sini.

24 February, 2007

Police Salary raise

Congratulations for police staff for the new salary raise.

Lieutenant -General 69,000 AED
Brigadier General 54,800 AED
Brigadier 45,500 AED
Colonel 40,000 AED
Lieutenant Colonel 35,000 AED
Major 29,500 AED
Captain 25,000 AED
First Lieutenant 22,000 AED
lieutenant 20,000 AED

Senior managers allowance but the percentage hasn’t been mentioned
Tickets allowance between 2,000 to 55,000 AED annually depending on the rank
Cars allowance between 200,000 to 350,000 AED for senior managerial ranks
Work environment allowance between 0% to 40% of the basic salary (which is 50% of the total salary)

Lower ranks get between 6,500 to14,800 AED

Gaji polis di singapore: Saya dapat sumber dari sini.

Auxilliary Police (High Pay/ Bonuses-ORD Personnel are welcome!)

Salary: $1,700-$2,500

Responsibilities:

• Ensure law & order within the area under your care (Commercial building/ government offices/ Special event/ etc)
• Conduct security screening, issue visitor pass & update occurrence book & perform patrolling duties
• Attend to queries from the public pertaining to direction, etc
• Work together with the Singapore Police Force to maintain Law and Order
• Protect celebrities, important delegates, business magnates and prominent personalities
• Perform Traffic Management and Crowd Control duties during public events
• Keeping watch over high security premises
• Deny and Detect potential criminals and terrorists through stringent security checks and sophisticated equipment such as CCTVs

Requirements:

• Min. 3N/ NITEC/NTC2 or 3SPM/ STPM/ Diploma
• Medically Fit (Completed NS as PES A or B)
• Possess good command of English (both written & spoken)
• No visible tattoo, color blind & criminal record
• Must be able to perform Intensive Physical Training
• Prior work experience is not compulsory as training will be provided

ONLY SINGAPOREANS & MALAYSIANS MAY APPLY!

Look forward to…

• An Exciting Career which offers you Rank Advancement;
• Joining bonus of up to $3800*
• Great Bonuses
• Comprehensive Medical benefits extended to dependent
• Passes to Places of Interest like Sentosa, Jurong Bird Park & Zoo
• Study Sponsorship/ Loan*
• Attractive Salary package with allowances & OT Pay
• Attractive rate for local/ oversea chalets
• Corporate Discounts
• and many more…

Bersambung kejap lagi.. kawan datang…

Soalan:

Adakah dibenarkan untuk memberikan sedekah (sadaqah) kpd non-Muslim yang amat memerlukan dlm berjuang utk hidup kerana sakit? Jazakum Allah khayran.

Jawapan:

Di antara perbuatan mulia untuk menunjukkan syukur kpd Allah ialah dgn membayar zakah dan bersedekah. Apabila seorang Muslim membayar zakatnya atau membelanjakan sesuatu dgn bersedekah, jiwanya disucikan drp sifat bakhil dan dia diangkat kepada puncak kebaikan hati dan kemuliaan. Perbuatan membelanjakan wang dlm bersedekah dan zakat itu sendiri ialah satu perbuatan utk menunjukkan kesyukuran kpd Allah SWT. Benarlah, semua Muslims diwajibkan menunjukkan kesyukuran kpd Allah malam dan siang dan mereka digalakkan utk memberikan sedekah kpd semua manusia tanpa mengira perbezaan agama, bangsa, warna atau bahasa.

Dlm menjawab soalan anda, Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, pensyarah kanan dan ulama di Islamic Institute of Toronto, Ontario, Canada menyatakan:

Islam menggalakkan memberikan sedekah kpd semua manusia tanpa mengira perbezaan agama, bangsa, warna atau bahasa.Rasulullah (SAW) bertindak dgn menolong musyikin yang non-Muslim yang telah memerangi menentang baginda. Tidak berimannya mereka tidak menghalang baginda menolong mereka dlm kesusahan. Allah menerangkan sifat iman org yg benar-benar beriman, (Dan mereka memberikan makanan yang disukainya kepada orang miskin, anak yatim dan tawanan. (mereka berkata: ) “Sesungguhnya kami memberi makanan kepadamu hanyalah untuk mengharapkan keridhaan Allah, kami tidak menghendaki balasan dari kamu dan tidak pula (ucapan) terima kasih.�’) (Al-Insan 76: 8-9). Tawanan yang disebutkan disini tidak lain drp musyrikin yg tidak beriman yang ditawan oleh Muslim.

Jadi Muslims diwajibkan utk bertindak menolong jiran dan sesama warganegara non-Muslim. Rasulullah (SAW) bersabda, “Jika seorang pergi tidur dengan perut yang kosong, Jaminan perlindungan Allah akan ditarik drp mereka!� Jaid marilah kita sama-sama memerangi kemiskinan dan menolong mereka yg memerlukan tanpa mengira perbezaan agama, bangsa atau etnik, warna atau bahasa. Semoga Allah memasukkan kita dikalangan mereka Rasulullah (SAW) maksudkan apabila baginda bersabda, “Sebaik-baik manusia ialah mereka yang paling berguna kepada hamba-hamba Allah!�

Terjemahan bebas daripada: Giving Charity to a Non-Muslim

http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?cid=1119503548680&pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaEAskTheScholar

Buat masa ini ada beberapa individu dari golongan muda telah melakukannya melalui kami.

Kami ada video rakaman syahadah yang di buat melalui kami.

Bro Azam

Seorang lagi kenalan saya memeluk Islam. Alhamdulillah. Tahniah.

Dalam Borang saudara baru, terdapat soalan yang berbunyi ” Kenapa saya memeluk Islam “.

Saudara Raziff tanya saya.

Saya jawab, “Bro, you tulis, Islam itu realistik dan Agama yang benar di sisi Allah”

Saya rakam upacara dengan menggunakan camera phone.

Ingat nak post dalam blog InsyaAllah kalau di izinkan…

Ini saya panggil sebagai diskriminasi umur. (Age discrimination). Penindasan dan kekejaman terhadap generasi muda sudah berlaku dan pernah berlaku sejak zaman FIRAUN laknatullah lagi. Pada zaman FIRAUN beliau telaH membunuh generasi muda gara-gara takutkan kepada perkembangan generasi muda yang beliau (firaun) percayai akan membunuh karier dan kuasa politiknya. Lalu firaun telah membunuh semua anak-anak muda kecuali anak angkatnya Nabi MUSA A.S. Israel juga menggunakan pendekatan yang sama iaitu membunuh generasi muda PALESTIN dari muka bumi ini.

Apa yang berlaku pada zaman dahulu boleh berlaku pada zaman sekarang.

Sudah tiba masanya generasi lama MELAYU menunjukkan setiakawan kepada generasi muda memandangkan generasi muda semakin bijaksana dan bersatu di bawah kepemimpinan generasi muda. JIKA Rasulullah S.A.W boleh menerima pandangan generasi muda dan Rasulullah S.A.W menerima generasi muda untuk di serapkan dalam kumpulan kepimpinannya kenapa tidak generasi lama di Malaysia.

Bukankah mereka mengatakan Rasulullah S.A.W sebagai idola mereka. Bukankah Rasulullah S.A.W sebagai contoh kepada setiap peringkat umur.

Marilah kita bersatu di bawah Al-Quran dan Sunnah menghapuskan pemikiran tidak realistik Melayu dan menghapuskan fahaman yang lebih berbahaya yang semakin menular ke dalam jiwa Melayu daripada hentam-menghentam generasi muda. Ingatlah bahawasanya kami iaitu generasi muda akan mengantikan generasi lama tidak lama lagi… Dan kamilah iaitu generasi muda yang akan menjaga generasi lama apabila generasi lama semakin lemah… Allah S.W.T telah menetapkan peraturan kehidupan sebegitu rupa. Tiada siapa yang mampu menjangkau tahap umur ke 1000 tahun. Ini semua adalah hukum alam Allah s.w.t

Janganlah kita lemah-melemahkan generasi muda. Maaf-memaafkan lebih mulia dari dendam mendendam di antara generasi muda dan generasi lama.

Bagi saya, saya sayangkan generasi MUDA DAN SAYA RINDUkan generasi lama…

Middle age

Middle adulthood generally refers to the period between ages 40 to 65. During this period, the middle-aged experience a conflict between generativity and stagnation. They may either feel a sense of contributing to the next generation and their community or a sense of purposelessness.

Physically, the middle-aged experience a decline in muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output. Also, women experience menopause and a sharp drop in the hormone estrogen. Men do not have an equivalent to menopause, but they do experience a decline in sperm count and speed of ejaculation and erection. Most men and women remain capable of sexual satisfaction after middle age..

Old age

This stage generally refers to those over 75 years. During old age, people experience a conflict between integrity vs. despair. When reflecting on their life, they either feel a sense of accomplishment or failure.

Physically, older people experience a decline in muscular strength, reaction time, stamina, hearing, distance perception, and the sense of smell. They also are more susceptible to severe diseases such as cancer and pneumonia due to a weakened immune system. Mental disintegration may also occur, leading to Dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease. However, partially due to a lifetime’s accumulation of antibodies, the elderly are less likely to suffer from common diseases such as the cold or flu.

Whether or not intellectual powers increase or decrease with age remains controversial. Longitudinal studies have suggested that intellect declines, while cross-sectional studies suggest that intellect is stable. It is generally believed that crystallized intelligence increases up to old age, while fluid intelligence decreases with age.

To be continued … malam